China
General train travel information for CHINA. Rail travel tours, accommodation, sightseeing.
Brief History
Railroads play an important role in China's economic and social development. Their history dates back to the late 19th century, when the first section of railroad was built in 1876, connecting the city of Tianjin with the surrounding areas.
During the Republic of China period (1912-1949), railroad development became a priority. In 1931, a national company responsible for managing railroad transportation was established, which contributed to the active expansion of the railroad network and improved communication between different regions of the country.
However, World War II and the Civil War severely slowed down the development of the railroads. Many sections were destroyed and construction was temporarily suspended. But after the conflicts ended, the Chinese government focused on rebuilding and developing the railroad infrastructure.
Since the beginning of the 21st century, China has entered a new era of railroad development. Special attention has been paid to the construction of high-speed railways (HSR), which have become China's pride and among the fastest in the world. These HSRs provide fast and convenient connections between major cities and promote the integration and development of remote regions.
Today, China's railroads are a huge and well-coordinated system connecting all corners of the country. They play a key role in the development of the economy, the movement of goods and passengers, and promote social integration and cultural exchange between different regions of China. China's railway network continues to actively develop and improve, striving to provide a more efficient and convenient transportation infrastructure for people and businesses.
General Information and Statistics
China Railways (中国铁路), a Chinese state-owned company, is the operator of the national railroad network. In 2021, there were about 2.6 billion people traveled by train in China.
As of 2021, the country had more than 155,000 km of railways, 100,000 km of which are electrified. As of 2008, there are 5,470 stations in China.
What connections to other countries there are.
China has international routes to the following countries: Mongolia, Russia, North Korea, Vietnam, Kazakhstan.
Are trains fast in China in general? How much time to cross the country?
China has several fast trains, including the Shanghai Maglev magnetic levitation train and the China Railway Fuxing train. The Shanghai Maglev can reach speeds of up to 460 kilometers per hour and the China Railway Fuxing can reach speeds of up to 420 kilometers per hour.
The journey from Guangzhou to Harbin takes 13:05 hours and from Urumqi to Lianyungang 22:20 hours.
What railway companies are available?
The major passenger railroad company in China is China Railway Corporation, also known as China Railway (CR). China Railway is a state-owned enterprise responsible for managing and operating the majority of passenger and freight train services across the country.
Within China Railway, there are different divisions and subsidiaries that oversee specific regions and types of train services. Some of the notable divisions include:
• China Railway High-speed (CRH): This division manages the high-speed train services in China, offering rapid connections between major cities.
• China Railway Beijing Group Co., Ltd.: Responsible for managing the railway operations in the Beijing metropolitan area.
• China Railway Shanghai Group Co., Ltd.: Responsible for managing the railway operations in the Shanghai metropolitan area.
• China Railway Guangzhou Group Co., Ltd.: Responsible for managing the railway operations in the Guangzhou metropolitan area.
• China Railway Chengdu Group Co., Ltd.: Responsible for managing the railway operations in the Chengdu metropolitan area.
• China Railway Wuhan Group Co., Ltd.: Responsible for managing the railway operations in the Wuhan metropolitan area.
What train types are available in China
China operates various train types to cater to different travel needs and distances. Some of the main train types in China include:
• High-Speed Trains (G / D Trains): China's high-speed train network is one of the most extensive and advanced in the world. These trains operate between major cities and offer fast and efficient travel. G trains are the fastest, running at speeds over 300 km/h, while D trains typically operate at slightly lower speeds.
• Conventional Trains (Z / T / K Trains): Conventional trains are regular express or overnight trains that connect both major cities and smaller towns. They are usually slower than high-speed trains but provide a more affordable option for long-distance travel.
• Overnight Trains (Z / T Trains): Overnight trains are designed for long-distance travel, allowing passengers to sleep in berths or sleepers during the journey. They are a popular choice for those traveling between distant cities.
• Bullet Trains (CRH / Fuxing): Bullet trains, also known as CRH (China Railway High-speed) or Fuxing trains, are part of China's high-speed rail network. They operate at extremely high speeds, offering rapid connections between major cities.
• Maglev Trains: China has one commercial maglev train in operation, the Shanghai Maglev, which levitates above the track using magnetic levitation technology. It connects Shanghai Pudong International Airport to the city center.
• Inter-City Trains: These trains operate between cities and towns in close proximity, providing fast and convenient connections within a region.
• Commuter Trains: Commuter trains serve the daily transportation needs of commuters in metropolitan areas like Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and others.
Are there high-speed-trains available?
China has an extensive and well-developed high-speed train network, making it one of the leading countries in high-speed rail transportation. High-speed trains are widely available and connect major cities across the country, providing fast and efficient travel options for passengers.
China's high-speed trains are commonly known as CRH (China Railway High-speed) trains. These trains can reach speeds of up to 350 km/h on certain routes, making them an excellent choice for long-distance travel between major cities.
The high-speed train network in China includes both G trains and D trains. G trains are the fastest and typically operate at speeds exceeding 300 km/h. D trains, on the other hand, run at slightly lower speeds but still offer rapid travel between cities.
Most important train stations / hubs.
The main railway stations in China are Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Chengdu, Chongqing, Hangzhou, Nanning, Suzhou.
Websites to buy train tickets for China?
https://www.12306.cn/en/index.html(This is the official website of China Railway Corporation), https://www.travelchinaguide.com/china-trains/, https://www.chinahighlights.com/china-trains/
Mobile apps to buy train tickets in China?
Railway 12306 is a mobile ticketing client officially released by China State Railway Group Co., Ltd. Users can book tickets, pay online, change tickets, refund tickets.
Possible to buy a ticket at a railway station in China?
In China, you can easily buy train tickets in the following ways:
- Online purchase: You can easily buy train tickets online at the official website 12306.cn or other online platforms. You can get an e-ticket (PDF file) or use mobile apps.
- Buying at the Box Office: Tickets can also be bought at the ticket office in major train stations, which offer a wider range of tickets, including international tickets. You can also purchase tickets over the phone or through ticket agencies.
- Automatic ticket offices: Almost all train stations have automatic ticket offices where you can buy tickets yourself. If there is no ticket office at the station, ticket offices can be found inside the trains.
Can I buy my ticket by phone?
Ticketing hotline. At locations where the telephone booking service is open, passengers can book tickets via the hotline and then pay for them at a designated location at a specified time.
Return the ticket.
Passengers with registered accounts on 12306.cn can get ticket refund online.
A full refund is available up to the time of train departure, less a fee.
In special cases, refunds can be made within 2 hours of departure with the permission of the stationmaster.
Once the journey has started, the ticket is non-refundable.
In case of injury or illness, it is possible to get a refund for the already traveled section with a commission.
No refund service fee is charged if the ticket is refunded more than 8 days (including) before the departure date;5% of the ticket price is charged if the ticket is refunded more than 48hrs before the train departure; 10% is charged if less than 48hrs and more than 24hrs; and 20% is charged if less than 24hrs.
Train ticket prices
China offers special discount train tickets. If you book in advance, ticket prices will be cheaper. Avoid traveling on Friday and Sunday afternoons and evenings, as these are peak hours and tickets can be more expensive. For most long-distance travel in China, you can buy tickets starting as low as 7 euros, even on popular routes such as Beijing to Datong.
Cheapest train to the closest nearby country?
China's international trains also offer preferential fares for trips to neighboring countries. For example, you can travel from Beijing to Ulaanbaatar for 166.9 € in a soft seat. In addition, tickets for the train from Harbin to Vladivostok can be purchased at a price starting from 326.8 € in an upholstered carriage.
Where to find timetables.
Find train schedules on https://www.12306.cn/en/index.html
Buying tickets in advance or right before the train
Although it may be possible to purchase tickets at the train station on the day of travel, it is generally recommended to book in advance. China train tickets can be sold out quickly, especially during peak travel seasons, so advance booking ensures you have a seat.
Types of tickets.
In China, high-speed train tickets are classified into different types based on the class and facilities offered. Here are the main ticket types available on high-speed trains:
• Second Class Seat: The most economical option, with five chairs in a row, similar to economy class on an airplane. Seats can turn 180 degrees for comfort, and there are foldable tray tables and power outlets available.
• First Class Seat: Roomier than second class, with two chairs on each side of the aisle. Seats can be rotated and adjusted, and there's a foldable footrest. A more comfortable choice, especially for larger passengers.
• Business Class Seat: Luxurious and expensive seats available on some high-speed trains. Three seats in a row, with the option to adjust the seat to a nearly flat position. Equipped with amenities like a mini LED TV, power outlet, and complimentary snacks.
• VIP Seat: Found on select high-speed trains, offering spacious seating with three chairs in a row. Seats can turn 360 degrees, and there are reading lamps, radio, and video facilities.
• Soft Sleeper: Available on overnight D trains, offering four berths in a compartment with LCD TVs and individual controls for lighting and air conditioning.
• Deluxe Soft Sleeper: Found on some D trains, offering two berths in a compartment with additional amenities like a table, sofa, and independent toilet.
• New Type Sleeper: Available on specific D trains, featuring two-sided sleepers, each with a socket, reading lamp, desk, and coat rack.
• Standing Room: Only available on some D and C trains after regular tickets are sold out. Holders can stand in the aisle or connection area of a second-class carriage.
Interrail/Eurail Passes in China
Interrail/Eurail passes are not available.
Saver price.
In China, there is no special type of ticket similar to "Saver price". Instead, high-speed trains offer different classes of tickets at different prices depending on the type of seat and amenities provided.
Is it cheaper to buy round-trip?
Buy single tickets, not return tickets. This will give you more flexibility if you need to change your travel plans. It is not cheaper to buy return tickets.
Flexible tickets.
China Railway does not offer "flex tickets".
Rules of boarding.
Thanks to the wide use of e-ticket service, paper tickets are not required when boarding a train in China. Only The passport/travel permit you used to buy the ticket (or ID card, or Mainland Travel Permit for passengers from Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan) is needed to board the train.
For some small stations in remote area, passengers may still need to collect paper tickets.
Discounts for group travel.
There are currently no group rates for railroad tickets.
Age groups and discounts.
From January 1, 2023, For children boarding with adults, child discount tickets shall be booked for those over 6 years old and under 14 years old; full-price tickets shall be booked for those over 14 years old. Each adult passenger with a paid ticket, may board together with a child under the age of 6 bearing a free child ticket with no reserved seat. Only one child may board with a free child ticket together with each adult passenger, other children shall board with a discount child ticket. Child tickets are available for seat tickets, extra fast tickets, and air-conditioned tickets at a discount of 50%
Age limitations for minors.
According to the relevant provisions of Contract Law, children are not allowed to take the train alone in principle. They have to be accompanied by adults with full capacity for civil conduct.
Handicapped passengers.
In some large stations, there are service counters providing priority service on ticket purchase, entering the station, boarding, luggage check-in and so on for the elderly, infants and children, the sick, the disabled and pregnant passengers. Some stations also provide wheelchair services for people with disabilities. Please consult the station for details.
Seat reservations in China trains.
Since October 12, 2017, China Railway Corporation's official website 12306.cn has been allowing high-speed train passengers to choose their seats when booking tickets, after online seat selection was introduced in late 2016 for high-speed trains running on Hainan Island. Bullet trains include all trains in categories C, D and G.
Comfort classes on the trains.
- First class seats: luxurious and expensive, available on high-speed trains (G, C, D). Spacious and comfortable, similar to first class in airplanes.
- Second class seats: common and popular on high-speed trains (G, C, D). Comfortable and more affordable than first class.
- Soft Sleeper: A separate compartment with four berths designed for overnight and long-distance travel.
- Hard Sleeper: Open coupes with six berths, a budget option for long-distance travel.
- Soft Seat: Soft seats with cushions, a little more room and comfort than hard seats.
- Hard Seat: Basic and economical seating option for short-distance travel.
- Business Class Seats: Extremely comfortable and luxurious, offered on some high-speed trains.
- Deluxe Upholstered Seat: The most luxurious sleeper option on some trains, offering increased comfort and privacy.
Food and drink in China trains / train restaurant.
On China trains, you can find food from the dining car, trolleys passing through the carriages, and platform vendors. The food is not included in the train ticket, and payment is accepted in Chinese Yuan, WeChat Pay, and AliPay. The dining car usually offers Chinese-style food, while some high-speed trains may have Halal options or Tibetan dishes for trains to Tibet. For other choices, passengers can bring their own snacks or use food delivery service on select high-speed trains. Keep in mind that food prices on trains can be higher than outside restaurants or stores.
Night trains in China?
China's overnight trains offer three recommended sleeper classes for long-distance journeys:
- Hard Sleeper: Open-plan compartments with 6 berths in each. Lower berth provides more convenience but less privacy, middle berth is cheaper but still comfortable, while the upper bunk is the most affordable but requires climbing and offers less space.
- Soft Sleeper: Enclosed compartments with 4 berths and a door. Larger and more comfortable than hard sleeper, with individual reading lights and power sockets.
- Deluxe Soft Sleeper: The most expensive and luxurious option, with private compartments for 2 people, including a private toilet and sometimes additional amenities like LCD TV, closets, and showers.
If you are unable to get sleeper tickets during peak seasons, you might have to consider hard/soft seats, which can be uncomfortable for overnight journeys.
Important train routes in China.
SEPTEMBER 2023
Hong Kong – Guangzhou /from 0:47 hours / from 25.50 EUR / 2-4 trains per hour
Hong Kong – Shenzhen / from 1:45 hours / from 9.10 EUR / every 10 to 15 minutes.
Beijing – Shanghai / from 4:18 hours / from 20.05 EUR / 3-4 trains per hour
Beijing to Luoyang / from 2:59 hours / from 13.70 EUR / 1-3 trains per day
Beijing – Xi'an / 4:11 hours / from 19.15 EUR / 1-2 trains a day
Shanghai – Nanjing / 0:59 hours / from 10,00 EUR / every 5-10 minutes
Shanghai – Yiwu / 1:20 hours / from 15.50 EUR / from 2 trains per hour
Guangzhou – Yangshuo / 2:33 hours / from 13.70 EUR / 1-2 trains per hour
Guangzhou – Zhuhai / 0:48 hours / from 7.30 EUR / 5-7 trains per hour
International train routes.
At present, China has international trains to/from Ulaanbaatar (Ulan Bator) in Mongolia, Moscow and Vladivostok in Russia, Pyongyang in North Korea, Hanoi in Vietnam, and Almaty (Alam-Ata) and Astana in Kazakhstan. Their tickets can only be bought at the departure stations.
Tourist / scenic routes in China.
Beijing to Shanghai: Urban Landscape and Rural Landscapes trip
Itinerary: Traveling by high-speed train between two of the most popular and prosperous metropolises, Beijing and Shanghai, offers you a unique opportunity to see a variety of landscapes. Passing through the fertile Central Chinese Plain, you will see endless green fields in spring and summer, colorful oil paintings in autumn and snow-white blankets in winter. Rural villages scattered among the fields create an atmosphere of peace and beauty.
Beijing-Guangzhou Trip: Views of Four Seasons in One Way
Itinerary: This extremely long route on a high-speed train offers an amazing opportunity to enjoy the views of four seasons in one trip. Starting from Beijing, you will pass through a flat agricultural area transformed into a winter fairyland. Passing through the Huaihe River, you will enter fertile southern China adorned with green plants all year round. Passing through Changsha, the scenery changes again and hills will appear in front of you one after another.
Shanghai - Kunming: Travel along the Mystic 30th Parallel
Itinerary: Traveling through four ancient civilizations, the 30th parallel has become mystical and unique, similar to the Bermuda Triangle, the pyramids, the submerged Atlantis and nearby the world's highest peak, Mount Everest. Traveling by train between Shanghai and Kunming, you'll discover what China has to offer along the 30th parallel. There are modern cities, quiet water towns, rippling lakes and rivers, green mountains, dense stone forests and profound historical monuments.
Hefei - Fuzhou Trip: China's Most Beautiful High-Speed Railroad
Itinerary: This railroad is famous for its mountainous and rural scenery, including Yellow Mountain, famous for its green pine trees, strange stones, sea of clouds and hot springs; Wuyi Mountain, a typical danxia with waters; and Wuyuan, China's most beautiful countryside with white walls, gray roofs and terraced fields covered with yellow turnip flowers.
Luggage information.
The maximum limit of free cabin luggage for each passenger are: 10 kg for children (including those free of tickets), 35 kg for diplomats and 20 kg for other passengers. The maximum dimension of each item is 160 cm in total (rod-shaped items 200 cm) for traditional trains, and 130 cm for EMU trains; the maximum weight for each item is 20kg. Foldable wheelchairs used by people with disabilities are not included in the above range.
Bicycle on the train.
Taking a bicycle on a train in China can be challenging, but there are two options available:
Option 1: Consigning Your Bike at the Luggage Office
-Check if the train you are booking has a luggage carriage for bikes (usually classic ordinary trains).
-Arrive early at the station and find the luggage office to consign your bike.
-Fill out a form, pay the transport fee based on distance, and get a receipt.
-Keep the receipt safe to claim your bike at the destination's luggage office.
Option 2: Use China Railway Express Delivery Service
- Consign your bike at the China Railway Express (CRE) office near the train station one or two days in advance.
Staff will fill out the waybill (in Chinese) and give you a copy. Pay the fee based on weight and distance.
- Use the copy waybill to pick up your bike at the CRE office at your destination station.
- Before consignment, protect your bicycle by removing easily detachable parts and wrapping the forks, frame, and seat to avoid scratches.
Ski or snowboard on the train.
It is no problem to take your skis or snowboard with you on a Deutsche Bahn train at no extra charge. Put them in a baggage area, not in the aisle.
Luggage lockers on the stations in China.
There is no information on the transportation of skis or snowboards on Chinese trains. However, large items such as skis or snowboards can usually be transported as luggage. To find out the specific rules and options for transporting skis or snowboards on trains, it is recommended that you contact the China Railways office or customer service department
Lost and Found Items.
Passengers can contact the staff on duty timely at the departure or arrival station to try to retrieve the luggage after losing the items. Passengers need to fill in your personal information along with the detail of your Train & Seat No, and also the lost item information and location of the items to the staff.
Pets on the trains.
Pets are not allowed on Chinese trains in regular carriages (only guide dogs) and can only be carried as checked baggage (similar to flying in the baggage compartment of an airplane) with a weight limit of 50 kg.
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